If you’re looking to add a refreshing citrus scent to your garden or home, the citronella plant (Pelargonium citrosum) is an excellent choice. This fragrant plant, often referred to as the mosquito plant or lemon geranium, is known for its aromatic, lemony fragrance that comes from its leaves when crushed. While there are claims that it repels mosquitoes, these have not been scientifically proven. However, the plant remains a popular choice for its pleasant smell, easy care, and occasional lavender-pink blooms.
Where to Plant a Citronella Plant
Citronella plants thrive in full sun but can tolerate partial shade, especially in regions with intense summer heat. If you’re growing citronella in hot climates, it’s beneficial to give it some afternoon shade to protect it from the harsh sun. A patio, porch, or garden with morning sunlight and some afternoon shade would be an ideal spot.
For indoor growth, citronella plants need a lot of direct sunlight—at least 6 hours daily—along with relatively high humidity (ideally around 40%). A south-facing window in the kitchen or bathroom can provide the right conditions for growing this plant indoors.
How and When to Plant Citronella
The best time to plant citronella is in the spring or fall, after the last frost. Before planting, harden off the plant for two weeks by gradually acclimatizing it to outdoor conditions. To plant, dig a hole slightly wider than the plant’s root ball but the same depth. Gently remove the plant from its container, loosen the roots, and place it in the hole. Fill in the surrounding soil and water well.
If you’re planting multiple citronella plants, space them about 12 to 18 inches apart to allow for proper air circulation and growth.
Citronella Plant Care Tips
Caring for citronella plants is relatively simple, as they are hardy and low-maintenance. Here are some essential care tips to keep your citronella thriving:
Light and Temperature
Citronella plants require full sunlight to grow well, but they can tolerate some light shade, especially during the afternoon hours in hot climates. Indoor citronella plants need at least 6 hours of direct sunlight to prevent them from becoming leggy.
These plants prefer temperatures between 50°F and 80°F and humidity levels between 40% and 70%. They are frost-sensitive and should be brought indoors when temperatures drop below 45°F. To overwinter your citronella plant, move it inside promptly and avoid waiting until the temperatures are too cold.
Soil and Watering
Like most scented geraniums, citronella plants prefer well-drained soil. They are somewhat drought-tolerant and can handle dry conditions, but it is important to avoid soggy soil, which can lead to root rot. Water the plant when the top 1-2 inches of soil feel dry to the touch.
For potted citronella, ensure the container has drainage holes, and water deeply until excess water begins to flow out. Always empty any water that collects in the saucer beneath the pot to prevent waterlogging.
Fertilizing and Pruning
Citronella plants don’t require heavy fertilization. A slow-release granular fertilizer mixed into the soil at planting time is usually sufficient for the growing season. For healthy growth, you can occasionally feed with a diluted liquid fertilizer.
To encourage a compact, bushy plant, pinch off the growing tips early in the season. Remove spent flowers to maintain a tidy appearance. If you’re growing citronella as a perennial, occasional pruning may be needed to keep it shaped and healthy. In autumn, you can cut the plant back by up to half, leaving a few strong buds to promote new growth in spring.
Potting and Repotting Citronella
Citronella plants are excellent in containers. They need at least 6 hours of sunlight daily, so choose a pot with good drainage and use a fast-draining potting mix. Citronella plants are fast growers, so select a container that gives enough space for root expansion.
If you’re growing citronella indoors or as a perennial, repotting every 2-3 years is necessary. In the spring, when new growth starts, gently remove the plant from its container, tease the roots, and replace the old soil with fresh potting mix. Choose a pot that is 2-3 inches larger than the current one to allow room for growth.
Common Pests and Problems
Citronella plants are generally resistant to pests, but they can occasionally attract aphids, whiteflies, and mites. Keep an eye out for these pests and treat with appropriate organic methods if needed.
Ensure proper drainage to avoid root rot, and provide adequate spacing to prevent fungal diseases. Overhead watering should be avoided, as it can promote mildew and mold growth.
Propagating Citronella
Citronella plants are easy to propagate, and the most common method is through cuttings. In spring, take 3-5 inch cuttings from healthy, softwood growth. Remove the bottom leaves and dip the cut end in rooting hormone before placing the cutting in moist, well-drained soil. Keep the cutting in a warm, bright location with indirect sunlight. After 30-45 days, when roots have formed, transplant the new plant into a larger pot or outdoors.
Alternatively, citronella can be propagated in water. Submerge the cut ends of a 4-6 inch cutting in a container of clean, distilled water. Change the water every 3-5 days until roots develop. Once rooted, transfer the cutting to a pot with moist potting soil.
Whether grown outdoors or indoors, citronella plants are a great way to add fragrance and texture to your garden. With minimal care requirements and their attractive, lemon-scented leaves, they make an excellent addition to any space. Follow these easy guidelines for planting, care, and propagation to enjoy this fragrant, low-maintenance plant year after year.
